All excavations 4 ft. or deeper must have a ladder, ramp (earthen or structural), or similar safe means of access/egress within 25 ft. of persons working in the excavation.
Ladders used in excavations as access/egress must be secure and must extend at least 3 ft. above the top landing area or have an adequate grab rail or grab bar system at the top.
Earthen ramps must be at no greater incline than that which would allow a person to exit in an upright position.
Structural ramps must have a non-slip walking surface or must be supplied with cleats.
Employees entering bell-bottom shaped excavations (i.e., pier holes) or similar deep, confined footing excavations must wear a safety harness with a lifeline at all times. The lifeline must be continually attended by person outside the excavation.
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